Strata means layers. Typically, horizontal layers of rock are sedimentary in nature (C).

Igneous rocks are molten in origin consisting of either cooled magma (i.e. intrusive igneous rocks eg granite and quartz) or cooled lava (i.e. extrusive igneous rocks eg pummice and obsidian).

Magmatic indicates a molten origin such as igneous rocks.

Metamorphic rocks are formed by the influence of heat and pressure on other rocks resulting in changes in mineralogy and texture.