The mountains shown are all composite cone volcanoes formed from the subduction of the oceanic Juan de Fuca plate underneath the North American plate.

Rifting occurs where there is a splitting apart of the earth's crust such as in the Great African Rift Valley.

Isostasy is an attempt by the earth to reestablish an equilibrium such as occurs when the earth's surface rises up again after shedding the weight of large ice sheets.

Tear faulting occurs along the San Andreas Fault where the North American plate and Pacific plate are slipping and sliding past each other.